Alder

Natural throughout British Isles and most of Europe. Naturalized in NE U.S. and SE Canada (Maritime provinces) and forming pure stands along some rivers and streams. Introduced in colonial times. It is also found in western Asia, and northern Africa. Long cultivated, the original range is difficult to determine. Black alder is spread all over Europe from Ireland in the west to western Siberia in the east, as far as northern Africa in the south and up to 65o in the north. It has been introduced in the Azores and in the United States of America. Its range both in Europe and Africa is not compact but markedly disjunct. In the mountainous regions of the central Europe it reaches altitudes between 1500 and 1800 m. Its preferred climate is moderate to cold one, it grows best in deep soils where the water table is high. Optimum amount of precipitation is from 800 to 860 mm per year. It does not tolerate stagnant water or high soil acidity.

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