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從身分、分布、外觀、物理與機械性質、加工性、耐久性、用途及來源深度等方面比較兩種或三種木材。
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Honduras mahogany
Swietenia macrophylla 開啟物種紀錄 →| 常用名 | Common European silver fir | Honduras mahogany |
| 學名 | Abies alba | Swietenia macrophylla |
| 植物科 | Pinaceae | Meliaceae |
| 區域 | 尚未錄入 | Central America; Latin America; Oceania; South-East Asia |
| 同義名 | Abies pectinata 歷史來源資料 | • Swietenia krukovii; Swietenia tessmannii; Swietenia candollei • Swietenia krukovii, Swietenia tessmannii, Swietenia candollei 歷史來源資料 |
| 常用名 | Common European silver fir, Common fir, Common silver fir, European silver fir, European silver pine, Silver fir, Silvergrain, Swiss pine, White deal, Whitewood, Whitewood fir 歷史來源資料 | Acajou; Acajou Amerique; Acajou d’Amerique; Acajou du Honduras; Aguano; American mahogany; Brazilian mahogany; Big-leafed mahogany; Broad-leaved mahogany; Caoba; Caoba Americana; Caoba de Honduras; Central American mahogany; Costa Rica mahogany; Cuban mahogany; Honduras mahogany; Mexican mahogany; Peruvian mahogany; Red cedar; Tabasco mahogany; Venezuela mahogany; Zopilote 歷史來源資料 |
| 貿易名 | 尚未錄入 | Honduras mahogany 歷史來源資料 |
| 人工林樹種 | 尚未錄入 | 是 歷史來源資料 |
| Environmental Profile | 尚未錄入 | Widespread Some long-term concern for the species Secure within many parts of its natural range, but not completely assessed Rare in parts of its natural range Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare within parts of its range Endangered within parts of its natural boundaries Data source is World Conservation Monitoring Center Data source is Nature Conservancy Considered vulnerable in its natural habitat because its numbers are threatened by serious adverse factors throughout its range. However, the species likely exists today in relatively large numbers. There is some long-term concern about its continued abundance in these areas and the threat to its population in other areas While it is relatively secure in El Salvador and Honduras, the status of Honduras mahogany in Costa Rica, Mexico, Panama, and Bolivia is known to be either Extinct, Endangered, Vulnerable, or Rare. The species is Vulnerable in Nicaragua, Rare in Colombia and Endangered within its natural boundaries in Guatemala and the following regions in Brazil: Acre, Amazonas, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Para, and Rondonia |
| 分布區域 | 尚未錄入 | Central America; Latin America; Oceania; South-East Asia 歷史來源資料 |
| 分布國家 | 尚未錄入 | Bahamas; Belize; Bolivia; Brazil; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Fiji; Guyana; Haiti; Honduras; Indonesia; Jamaica; Mexico; Nicaragua; Panama; Peru; Philippines; Puerto Rico; Solomon Islands; Venezuela 歷史來源資料 |
| 分布概述 | 尚未錄入 | • Perhaps the most valuable timber tree in tropical Latin America. Native distribution extends from Veracruz to Yucatan in Mexico, along the north Atlantic slope of Central America to Venezuela and Brazil, and also includes Colombia, Peru and Bolivia. It occurs at elevations up to about 1,500 m, in dry, moist and gallery forests. It is now widely planted throughout the tropics as a forest crop and supplies much of the commercial mahogany market. • Perhaps the most valuable timber tree in the whole of tropical Latin America, Honduras mahogany has an extensive tropical distribution, from the north of the State of Veracruz to Yucatan in Mexico, and along the north Atlantic slope of Central America to Venezuela and Brazil. It also occurs in Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia at elevations of up to 4900 feet (1500 m), and on Cape Verde Islands. It is usually found in dry forests but it also occurs in moist and gallery forests. S. macrophylla is now widely planted throughout the whole of the tropics as a forest crop and currently provides almost all mahogany on the commercial market. 歷史來源資料 |
| 心材顏色 | White Yellow Red Orange Pink Green/grey Brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange White to cream Pale red to pink Pale brown Greenish to greyish 歷史來源資料 | • Reddish brown; yellow to golden-yellow or orange; pale brown; pale red to pink; brown; dark brown; red; yellow; white to cream; salmon pink to light pinkish brown; color darkens and may fade with sunlight; considerable variability • Red Brown Purple Reddish brown Yellow to golden-yellow to orange Pale brown Pale red to pink Brown Dark brown Red Dark brown Yellow White to cream Salmon pink to light pinkish brown, or reddish brown Pink Matures into deep reddish brown Exposure to sunlight may fade color Color varies considerably The wide variability in color has enabled many look-alike species to be marketed as mahogany. 歷史來源資料 |
| 邊材顏色 | White Yellow Red White to yellow Color not distinct from heartwood 歷史來源資料 | • White to yellow; well defined; pinkish; whitish; paler than heartwood; different from heartwood • Brown Red Pink White to yellow Well defined Pinkish Whitish Paler than heartwood Different than heartwood 歷史來源資料 |
| Grain & texture | Straight Figure Growth rings (figure) Even Straight Clear growth rings (figure) 歷史來源資料 | 尚未錄入 |
| 質地 | Fine Medium Fine Fine to medium 歷史來源資料 | Fine to medium, often medium; sometimes medium to coarse; generally uniform 歷史來源資料 |
| 光澤 | Low Slightly lustrous 歷史來源資料 | • Medium to pronounced; may be lustrous, slightly lustrous, high or golden • Medium High Pronounced Lustrous Slightly lustrous High Golden luster 歷史來源資料 |
| 紋理 | 尚未錄入 | Usually straight to interlocked; may be wavy, striped, irregular, mottled, rippled or figured. Grain irregularities can produce fiddleback, blister, stripe, roe and mottle figure. 歷史來源資料 |
| 弦向收縮 | 6 歷史來源資料 | 4 % 歷史來源資料 |
| 徑向收縮 | 2 歷史來源資料 | 2 % 歷史來源資料 |
| 重量 | • 32 • 26 • 512 • 416 歷史來源資料 | 33 lb/ft³ green; 32 lb/ft³ dry; metric table reports 528 and 512 kg/m³ 歷史來源資料 |
| Density | 尚未錄入 | • 35 • 560 |
| Odor | 尚未錄入 | No specific smell or taste |
| Toxicity | 尚未錄入 | Some toxic effects Unspecified toxicity Dermatitic effects |
| 體積收縮 | 尚未錄入 | 8 % 歷史來源資料 |
| Strength Properties | Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Radial = very small Work to Maximum Load = very low Shrinkage, Tangential = small Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Max. crushing strength = medium Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Bending strength (MOR) = low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = very low Toughness-Hammer drop (Impact Strength) = low Toughness (total work) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. 歷史來源資料 | Density (dry weight) = 31-37 lbs/cu. ft. Max. crushing strength = medium Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very low Bending strength (MOR) = low Shrinkage, Tangential = very small Hardness (side grain) = medium Shrinkage, Radial = small Shrinkage, Radial = very small Density (dry weight) = 38-45 lbs/cu. ft. Shrinkage, Tangential = small Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very low Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = medium Max. crushing strength = low Density (dry weight) = 46-52 lbs/cu. ft. Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = low Toughness (total work) = very low Work to Maximum Load = very low Density (dry weight) = 15-22 lbs/cu. ft. Strength properties vary because of wide differences in density Shrinkage, Tangential = moderate Shrinkage, Radial = moderate Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = very high Shearing strength (parallel to grain) = high Hardness (side grain) = very soft Density = high Density (dry weight) = 53-60 lbs/cu. ft. Density (dry weight) = 23-30 lbs/cu. ft. Compression strength (parallel to grain) = medium Bending strength (MOR) = high Modulus of Elasticity (stiffness) = very high Hardness (side grain) = soft Bending strength (MOR) = medium |
| 密度 — 乾材 | • 33 • 528 歷史來源資料 | 35 lb/ft³ 歷史來源資料 |
| 抗彎強度 | • 6111 • 9589 • 429 • 674 歷史來源資料 | • 7,885 psi green; 11,575 psi dry • 7885 • 11575 • 554 • 813 歷史來源資料 |
| 硬度 | • 319 • 144 歷史來源資料 | 1,006 lb 歷史來源資料 |
| 衝擊強度 | • 22 • 55 歷史來源資料 | • 29 in green; 21 in dry • 29 • 21 • 73 • 53 歷史來源資料 |
| 最大抗壓強度 | • 3916 • 6397 • 275 • 449 歷史來源資料 | 3,979 psi green; 6,284 psi dry 歷史來源資料 |
| 抗剪強度 | • 1221 • 85 歷史來源資料 | 1,532 psi dry 歷史來源資料 |
| 剛度 | • 1017 • 1199 • 71 • 84 歷史來源資料 | 1,185,000 psi green; 1,353,100 psi dry 歷史來源資料 |
| 韌性 | • 167 • 192 歷史來源資料 | • 103 inch-lb • 103 • 118 歷史來源資料 |
| 最大載荷功 | • 5 • 7 • 0.35 • 0.49 歷史來源資料 | • 6 green; 7 inch-lb/in³ dry • 6 • 7 • 0.42 • 0.49 歷史來源資料 |
| 比重 | 尚未錄入 | 0.53 green; 0.57 dry 歷史來源資料 |
| 抗壓強度 | 尚未錄入 | • 905 psi green; 1,548 psi dry • 905 • 1548 • 63 • 108 歷史來源資料 |
| 靜態彎曲 | 尚未錄入 | • 4,901 psi green; 6,788 psi dry • 4901 • 6788 • 344 • 477 歷史來源資料 |
| Workability | Easy to Work Easy to machine 歷史來源資料 | 尚未錄入 |
| 膠合 | Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to glue 歷史來源資料 | • Easy to glue; good gluing qualities reported • Easy to glue 歷史來源資料 |
| 使用中變形 | Excellent Stability - Small Movement Small 歷史來源資料 | • Small movement; very stable. Holds its place well in use. • Small Stable Mahogany is considered to be one of the most stable commercially important timbers, and holds its place very well in use. 歷史來源資料 |
| 釘釘 | Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Pre-Boring Recommended Very Good to Excellent Results Holds nails well Easy to nail Possible if prebored 歷史來源資料 | • Holds nails well; pre-boring may be recommended; generally good nailing properties • Pre-Boring Recommended Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Holds nails well Possible if prebored Good nailing properties Easy to nail 歷史來源資料 |
| 刨削 | Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to plane 歷史來源資料 | • Usually easy to plane and gives a good to satisfactory finish; figured material may tear or chip • Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to plane Planes well, to a good finish Planes to a satisfactory finish Figured material may cause grain to chip and tear 歷史來源資料 |
| 浸漬阻力 | Permeable sapwood Resistant heartwood Permeable heartwood Resistant sapwood Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is moderately resistant Heartwood is permeable 歷史來源資料 | • Heartwood generally resistant to highly resistant; sapwood ranges from resistant to permeable • Resistant heartwood Resistant sapwood Heartwood is highly resistant Heartwood is resistant Sapwood is resistant Sapwood is permeable Heartwood is permeable 歷史來源資料 |
| 螺釘固定 | Fairly Easy to Very Easy Easy to screw 歷史來源資料 | • Generally satisfactory to excellent; easy to screw with good holding properties • Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Satisfactory results Easy to screw Screwing yields good results Good screwing properties 歷史來源資料 |
| 鈍化作用 | 尚未錄入 | • Usually slight to moderate; some reports describe moderate to high or severe blunting. • Moderate High to severe Blunting effect on machining is slight Slight Blunting effect on sawing dry wood is mild Blunting effect on machining is moderate 歷史來源資料 |
| 鑽孔 | 尚未錄入 | • Ranges from easy with good results to fairly difficult or very difficult • Fairly difficult to very difficult Easy Good results 歷史來源資料 |
| 雕刻 | 尚未錄入 | • Generally good results, though some reports rate it fairly difficult to very difficult • Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Generally good results 歷史來源資料 |
| 切削阻力 | 尚未錄入 | • Green and dry wood are often easy to saw, but some reports rate sawing fairly difficult to very difficult • Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult to saw Cutting Resistance with green wood is easy Cutting Resistance with dry wood is easy Easy to saw 歷史來源資料 |
| 開榫眼 | 尚未錄入 | • Often easy, but some sources rate it fairly difficult to very difficult • Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to mortise Material tends to chip and tear Finishes poorly 歷史來源資料 |
| 成型 | 尚未錄入 | • Generally easy to mould with good finishing results; some sources report difficulty • Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to mould Good finishing results 歷史來源資料 |
| 銑削和開槽 | 尚未錄入 | • Routing is generally easy and gives good results, though some reports indicate difficulty • Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Routing is easy Routing yields good results 歷史來源資料 |
| 砂磨 | 尚未錄入 | • Easy to sand; satisfactory to good sanding finish • Easy to sand Satisfactory sanding results Good sanding finish 歷史來源資料 |
| 車削 | 尚未錄入 | • Fairly easy to very easy with fair to excellent results; generally satisfactory finish • Fairly Easy to Very Easy Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Fairly Difficult to Very Difficult Easy to turn Good results Finish is generally satisfactory 歷史來源資料 |
| 單板性能 | 尚未錄入 | • Easy to cut; suitable for slicing and peeling; slight to moderate drying degrade and possible buckles or splits; no steaming generally needed; good gluing qualities • Easy to cut There is slight to moderate drying degrade and the potential for buckles and splits Suitable for slicing Suitable for peeling No steaming needed during bolt preparation. Good gluing qualities 歷史來源資料 |
| 蒸汽彎曲 | 尚未錄入 | • Fair to good results; moderate response to preservative treatment • Fair to Good Results Moderate Fairly good response to preservative treatment 歷史來源資料 |
| Kiln Schedules | UK=K US=T13C4S/T11D3S - UK=H US=T10D4S/T8D3S Fr=7 Drying (speed) is fast 歷史來源資料 | Drying (speed) is fast UK=F US=T6D4/T3D3 Fr=6 UK=E US=T6D2/T3D1 Fr=5 Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is fairly rapid Dry at a moderate speed T6 - D4 (4/4) US T3 - D3 (8/4) US Schedule F (4/4) United Kingdom Kiln Drying Rate (in days) is rapid |
| 乾燥難易度 | Fairly Easy Rapidly Easy 歷史來源資料 | • Usually easy to fairly easy, though some sources rate it moderately difficult. Generally dries with little degrade. • Moderately Difficult to Difficult Fairly Easy Slowly Easy Dries easily with very little degrade 歷史來源資料 |
| 窯乾速度 | Naturally dries quickly 歷史來源資料 | • Naturally dries slowly. Some schedules are fairly rapid: approximately 11–17 days for boards under 32 mm and 31–51 days for boards over 63 mm; rapid schedules may be under 10 days for thin boards. • Naturally dries slowly Fairly rapid (11-17 days for boards under 32 mm, to 31-51 days for boards greater than 63 mm) Rapid (<10 days for boards < 32 mm, to <30 days for boards >= 63 mm) 歷史來源資料 |
| 乾燥缺陷 | Distortion Loose Knots Splitting Checking Slight twist/warp Slight surface checking Slight end splitting No twisting or warping No surface checking Moderate twist/warp Expect slight degrade due to knots, splits, and loosening Expect moderate degrade due to knots, splits, and loosening 歷史來源資料 | • Moderate end splitting may occur. Generally free from spring and bow. Distortion, twist or warp may occur. • Collapse Internal Honeycombing Possible Distortion Checking Splitting Slight surface checking Slight twist/warp Moderate twist/warp No surface checking No end splitting Moderate surface checking Slight spring/bow Slight end splitting Slight cupping No twisting or warping No resin/gum exudation No cupping, generally No collapse/honeycomb Moderate end spitting Generally free from spring and bow Distortion (twist/warp) is likely 歷史來源資料 |
| 天然耐久性 | Non-durable Perishable Non durable Resistant to attack from pinworms (ambrosia beetles) 歷史來源資料 | • Generally durable to very durable, but source reports vary. Heartwood may resist marine borers, termites and powder-post beetles, while other sources report susceptibility to marine borers, termites, pinworms or pinhole borers. Conflicting evidence must remain visible. • Resistant to marine borers Very durable Susceptible to insect attack Resistant to termites Durable Resistant to powder post beetles Perishable Non-resistant to marine borers Non-resistant to termites Non-durable Susceptible to marine borer attack Durable Susceptible to attack from termites (Isoptera) Susceptible to attack from powder post (Lyctid & Bostrychid) beetles Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) often present in the standing tree Pinworms (ambrosia beetles) are commonly present Very durable Moderately durable Susceptible to pinhole borers Suitable for marine applications Non durable Heartwood susceptible to marine borer attack Heartwood resistant to attack by white rot and brown rot fungi Heartwood moderately resistant to dry-wood termites Heartwood has high resistance to decay Good weathering properties Mahogany has very good weathering qualities which makes a very good choice for boat building. 歷史來源資料 |
| 天然生長缺陷 | 尚未錄入 | • Yellowish or whitish deposits may occur in vessels. Brittleheart is rare or absent; when present, it is sparse. • Yellowish deposits in vessels Whitish deposits in vessels Whitish deposits in vessels Brittleheart is rare or absent. When present, it is sparse in amount 歷史來源資料 |
| Painting | Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Good results 歷史來源資料 | 尚未錄入 |
| 染色 | Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Finish is generally good 歷史來源資料 | • Generally satisfactory to good; stains well • Finish is generally satisfactory Finish is generally good Stains well 歷史來源資料 |
| 上清漆 | Very Good to Excellent Results Fair to Good Results Fairly Easy to Very Easy Good results 歷史來源資料 | • Satisfactory to good results • Satisfactory Good results 歷史來源資料 |
| 拋光 | 尚未錄入 | • Fair to excellent results; generally good • Fair to Good Results Very Good to Excellent Results Good results 歷史來源資料 |
| 常見用途 | Boat building: masts, Boxes and crates, Carvings, Chemical derivatives, Flooring, Food containers, Fuelwood, Joinery, Ladders, Light construction, Mine timbers, Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Plywood, Poles, Posts, Pulp/Paper products 歷史來源資料 | • Bedroom suites; boat building; decking; planking; boxes and crates; building materials; cabinetmaking; canoes; carvings; chairs; chests; coffins; cooperage; decorative veneer; desks; dining-room furniture; doors; dowels; drawer sides; drum sticks; figured veneer; fine furniture; flooring; furniture components; handles; hatracks; heavy construction; interior construction; interior trim; joinery; kitchen cabinets; lifeboats; light construction; living-room suites; mathematical instruments; millwork; model airplanes; moldings; musical instruments; office furniture; organ pipes; paneling; particleboard; piano keys; plywood; radio and television cabinets; scientific instruments; sculpture; shipbuilding; tables; turnery; veneer • Bedroom suites, Boat building (general), Boat building, Boat building: decking, Boat building: planking, Boxes and crates, Building materials, Cabinetmaking, Canoes, Carvings, Chairs, Chests, Coffins, Concealed parts (Furniture), Cooperages, Decorative veneer, Desks, Dining-room furniture, Dowell pins, Dowells, Drawer sides, Drawing boards, Drum sticks, Figured veneer, Fine furniture, Floor lamps, Flooring, Fuelwood, Furniture , Furniture components, Furniture squares or stock, Furniture, Handles: general, Hatracks, Heavy construction, Interior construction, Interior trim, Joinery (external): ground contact, Joinery, Kitchen cabinets, Lifeboats, Light construction, Living-room suites, Mathematical instruments, Millwork, Model airplanes, Moldings, Musical instruments , Musical instruments, Musical instruments: piano, Office furniture, Organ pipes, Paneling , Paneling, Particleboard, Piano keys, Pianos , Plywood corestock, Plywood, Radio - stereo - TV cabinets, Rustic furniture, Scientific instruments, Sculpture, Shipbuilding, Tables, Turnery, Veneer, Veneer: decorative 歷史來源資料 |
| Product Sources | 尚未錄入 | The ITTO reports that the species is an important source of timber for export. It is exported in the form of square-edged timber, veneers, and plywood. Honduras mahogany is readily available at moderate prices at present, but its continued availability is of some concern because of high demand. Current supplies of the standing trees are also becoming more inaccessible and scarce due to exploitation. |
| 已連接屬性欄位 | 39 | 69 |
| 物種層級參考資料 | 0 | 36 |
比較方法： 本頁比較目前已連接紀錄，而非標準化的單一數字摘要。同一欄位可能顯示多個有出處的歷史觀察，因木材性質會隨來源、地理、含水率、樣本與測試方法而變化。已知混合或衝突的紀錄，在作為確定性指引前應先審查。